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Prussian virtues
The term Prussian virtues refers to an unfixed canon of several virtues dating from the military monastic Order of the Teutonic Knights, and further influenced by Protestantism, especially Calvinism. The Prussian value system has influenced aspects of wider German culture, especially the modern German concern with Efficiency, Austerity and Discipline.
==Development==
These virtues, while traced back to the Teutonic Knights, were named by King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, the "soldierking" and frugal "bourgeois" reformer of Prussian administration, as well as from his son, King Friedrich II. The father saw himself as a moral role model, while the son saw himself as an exemplar of reason for the religiously, ethnically, and linguistically diverse Prussian state.〔Christian Graf v. Krockow: "Die Pflicht und das Glück" (speech on 17 August 1991 in the Neues Palais, Potsdam) in: Hans Bentzien: ''Die Heimkehr der Preußenkönige'', 1. edition, Berlin 1991. ISBN 3-353-00877-2〕
The Prussian "era of reform", from the military defeat by Napoleon I at the Battles of Jena and Auerstedt, until the Congress of Vienna in 1815, was also an important influence. These included reform of community boundaries, the army, schools, universities, and taxes, as well as the enfranchisement of Jews.〔Hans-Joachim Schoeps: chapter "Preußische Tugenden" in ''Preußen – Bilder und Zeugnisse'' (most recently posthumously in ''Preußen – Geschichte eines Staates'', Frankfurt a. M./ Berlin 1995. ISBN 3-549-05496-3, pp. 442ff)〕
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